Field Efficacy Evaluation of some Ethnomedicinal Plants Smoke Repellency Against Anopheles arabiensis and Aedes Aaegypt

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Abstract Background: Plant products can either be used as an insecticide to kill larvae or adult mosquitoes or as defensive repellents against mosquito bites; depending on the type of activity they have. A present study was carried out to determine the repellence of smoke prepared from burning the plants in a traditional way in order to reduce human-mosquito. Methods: The candidate plant species (Azadirachta indica, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and Ocimum forskolin) leave was grounded and mixed together in an equal amount. The mixed plant powders were checked by the thermal expulsion and burning on the traditional stoves in the field against two important malaria vectors (Anopheles arabiensis and Aedesaegypt). A four-by-four Latin-square design was used to randomly assign treatment and control experimental huts over different nights. In the treatment and control huts, the percentage repellence of the candidate plants mixed powder smoke on mosquito was determined from mosquito catches. Results: On direct burning of the plants' powder, the highest percentage repellency for An. arabiensis (94.7%, P<0.001) and Aedesaegypt (88.4%, P<0.001) recorded. On thermal expulsion also the highest against An. arabiensis (89%, P<0.001) and against Aedesaegypt (92%, P<0.001) were recorded. The plants' mixed powder tested by both methods of application offered significant protection (>85%) against two important mosquito species and thus has the potential to be used at least as an alternative way to control mosquito infestation in an easy manner in economic level.Conclusion: The two methods of application may offer cost-efficient alternatives as additional household protection and as a helpful addition to bed nets, especially for the early part of the evening before bedtime.

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