Spatio-temporal Change of Wetland and their Effects on Wetland Biodiversity in Dinsho District, Bale Mountain Eco-Region, Southeast Ethiopia

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Abstract Wetlands are landscape units that exist at the boundary between land and water. Wetland resources are critical to the survival of humans, plants, and animals. Wetlands, on the other hand, have declined in both time and space. As a result, the opportunities for wetland services became more limited. As a result, the current study concentrated on assessing spatiotemporal wetland changes, drivers, and their effects on wetland biodiversity in Dinsho District of Bale Zone, Southeastern Ethiopia. Landsat satellite images from 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020 were analyzed to determine spatiotemporal wetland changes over the last three decades. To supplement remotely sensed satellite data, a household survey, key informant interviews, focus group discussions with local communities, and field observations were conducted. For satellite image analysis and display, the results were statistically analyzed using ERDAS IMAGINE 2015 and ArcGIS 10.5 software. The socioeconomic data was analyzed using SPSS 20. According to the findings, the wetland's land cover share before 30 years was 10934.25ha (16.88 percent). However, after 30 years, the land cover shares of wetlands had decreased dramatically to 6090.79 ha (10.19 percent). The spatio-temporal wetlands change analysis revealed that wetlands in the study area were reduced by 4843.46 ha (7.48 percent) between 1990 and 2020. Because wetlands are wasteland, the local community has periodically encroached on them in the study area for farmland and grazing land. Wetland changes are primarily driven by farmland expansion, overgrazing, sedimentation, and climate variability. Wetland loss has had an impact on the wetland ecosystem and biodiversity, resulting in the extinction of water birds, grasses, and tree species. In conclusion, the study shows that the magnitude of change in wetland loss in the study area increased over time and space, resulting in ecological effects in the study area. As a result, the government and stakeholders should intervene to improve sustainable wetland management by implementing appropriate management practices and raising awareness.

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