Molecular Detection of CCR5 D32 Allele Gene Among Discordant HIV- Infected Couples in Kaduna State, Nigeria.

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Abstract Background Discordance is a situation where one partner is HIV positive while the other remains negative within couples and the CCR5 D32 gene is the mutant variant of the CCR5 wt. fusion protein which confers resistance to HIV infection. The research was conducted for molecular detection of CCR5 D32 allele gene in discordant HIV- infected couples in Kaduna State Nigeria. The objective of the research was to establish the incidence of discordance among HIV infected couples in Kaduna state and to determine the frequency of CCR5 D32 mutant allele gene among discordant HIV- infected couples. Existing literature has it that HIV discordance is low in several communities and CCR5 mutation is very rare in Africa; this underscores the need to establish the real situation in Nigeria. Methods A total of 158 couples and 317 individuals were recruited for the survey using a Stratified sampling technique. The 23Local Government Areas of Kaduna State were divided into 3 strata (senatorial Zones). These respondents accessed treatment at 9 HIV treatment centers in 9 Local Government Areas of the 23Local Government Areas of Kaduna State. Blood test was conducted to confirm their HIV status and ensure they were discordant couples. Blood samples of negative partners were analyzed using Primers of CCR5 gene in the molecular laboratory. Results The results showed that more women 105(33.12%) were HIV positive, and the HIV discordance prevalence for Kaduna State determined at 0.2%. The results also showed from gel electrophoresis, that the frequency of CCR5 D32 allele gene in the population was 1.3%, and there was no correlation between HIV discordance and CCR5 D32 allele gene- they both occur independently. Conclusions Low incidence of CCR5 D32 gene (1.3%) was discovered within the population studied. However, high presence of this gene variant in the population would have been a starting point in the research for the ultimate goal of finding a final solution in the treatment of HIV- AIDS. It is hereby recommended that more research be conducted in other states of Nigeria, and other African countries to ascertain the present status of the frequency of CCR5 D32 allele gene.

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