The Effect of Music Therapy on Postoperative Pain and Anxiety Among Women Who Underwent Cesarean Section at the Buea Regional Hospital

Résumé

Postoperative pain and anxiety can impair recovery, particularly in resource-limited settings such as Cameroon. Although music therapy may reduce both, its use after caesarean section remains underexplored in Cameroon. A randomized controlled trial included 50 post-caesarean women assigned to intervention (n=25) and control (n=25) groups. Eligible participants were consenting women aged ≥21 years. The intervention group received 30-minute instrumental music through headphones twice daily within 48 postoperative hours alongside standard care, while controls received standard care only. Pain, anxiety, and physiological parameters were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale, 5-item STAI, and monitoring devices. Data were analysed in SPSS version 27 using paired and independent t-tests at p<0.05. Music therapy significantly reduced postoperative pain. Morning scores decreased from 5.52 ± 2.60 before the morning session to 3.20 ± 1.22 after it, while evening scores decreased from 2.04 ± 0.80 before the evening session to 1.12 ± 0.93 after it. Lower evening pain scores reflect later postoperative timing after the morning music session and ongoing standard care. Pain scores were also significantly lower in the intervention group than in controls. The pain reduction indicates useful clinical benefit alongside analgesic care. Morning anxiety decreased from 10.24 ± 3.97 to 7.00 ± 2.00 (t=5.36, p<0.001), with a significant between-group difference (t=-2.57, p=0.014). Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation improved significantly. Music therapy reduced postoperative pain and morning anxiety and improved selected physiological parameters, supporting its use as a low-cost adjunct to post-caesarean nursing care in Cameroon.

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