Circular economy strategies in residential developments: a scoping review and evidence void for mixed-use typologies

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This study reviews and synthesises current literature on circular economy (CE) strategies in residential developments and assesses the extent to which mixed-use typologies are represented within that literature, with particular attention to developing contexts such as Nigeria. A scoping review was conducted, and using predefined eligibility criteria, 53 studies published between 2015 and 2026 were selected from a structured search of Scopus and Google Scholar, supplemented by a manual search, following the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews. The central finding is an evidence void: no study in the corpus takes mixed-use residential development as its primary unit of analysis, despite the prevalence of this typology in rapidly urbanising contexts. The synthesis therefore reports what is known about CE in residential development generally, organised into eight strategy themes and six urban-development perspectives, and specifies where mixed-use evidence is absent rather than inferring it. Design for disassembly, life-cycle performance assessment and adaptive reuse were the most frequently discussed strategies, while implementation is constrained less by technical feasibility than by ownership structures and regulatory policies. Research is concentrated in the Global North, and review papers outnumber empirical studies, with an uneven distribution across the last six years that suggests renewed rather than sustained attention. Policymakers are encouraged to address the barriers caused by complex ownership structures and weak regulatory support typical of developing contexts. Design professionals are advised against the superficial imitation of imported CE methods and encouraged to develop innovative CE strategies suited to the unique socio-economic, political, cultural and environmental context being designed for, with priority placed on addressing urgent housing demand.

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