Flood Susceptibility Mapping of Internally Displaced Persons Camps in Maiduguri, Borno State Nigeria

Résumé

Abstract Increasing climate variability is causing an increase in flood occurrence, affecting vulnerable individuals who have been displaced by the insurgency and conflicts that occurred in the past years. The decade-long insurgency in northeast Nigeria is one of the most pressing humanitarian crises on the continent, with over 2 million people displaced from their homes by conflict and political instability. These yearly floods destroy campsites occupied by displaced families who fled from conflict zones. This study applied the multi-criteria approach, Geographical Information System, and Remote Sensing. Analytical processes such as buffering, slope generation, interpolation, reclassification, and the weighted overlay were performed through the GIS environment to generate a flood susceptibility map indicating four zones (very high, high, low and very low-risk). A total number of 25 of 35 Internal displaced campsites are within the high susceptibility while 4 camps are prone to a Very high flood risk level (SULUMBURI DOGON ICHE, GRA, SULUMBURI CAMP, and FULATARI FARIN RUWA). Based on our results, camps located close to water bodies will be submerged by flood during the coming raining seasons if actions are not taken in time. This paper is a vital for appropriate government agencies such as town planners, emergency management agencies, international NGOs, the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, and other important stakeholders who can implement preparedness, evacuation planning, and early warning to the populace and Internally displaced individual at various campsite and settlement within the inferred flood risk zones.

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