Stability of productivity of winter wheat samples of different ecological and geographical origin

Résumé

The current paper has presented the study results of 109 winter wheat samples of various ecological and geographical origins conducted between 2022 and 2025. The study was carried out at the experimental field of the laboratory for breeding and seed production of winter common wheat of semi-intensive type of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”. The purpose of the study was to identify the most valuable collection winter common wheat samples based on stability of productivity. 60.6 % (66 samples) of the studied samples were of Russian breeding; 6.4 % (7 samples) of Ukrainian breeding; 3.7 % each (4 samples) of Turkish, Kazakh, and Hungarian breeding; 2.8 % each (3 samples) of Czech and American breeding. The share of samples from other countries was 16.3 %. On average, productivity varied over the years of study, ranging from 420.5 g/m² for the variety Kanto 107 (Japan) to 881.5 g/m² for the variety Muck (Germany). Productivity varied significantly through the years, from 230.0 g/m² for the variety Kanto 107 (Japan) in 2024 to 1040 g/m² for the variety Solokha (Ukraine) in 2022. Thirteen varieties significantly exceeded productivity of the standard variety Don 107 (707.0 g/m 2 , HSR 05 =124.5), with increases ranging from 126.5 g/m 2 for the variety Retezat (Romania) to 174.5 g/m 2 for the variety Muck (Germany). Genotypes that form stable productivity and are responsive to improved conditions include Moskovskaya 56 (Russia) (bi=1.45 and σ d 2 =0.67), Muck (Germany) (bi=1.41 and σ d 2 =4.04), and Retezat (Romania) (bi=1.40 and σ d 2 =1.27). The samples Martanvasari 9 (Hungary) (CV=12.1 % and Hom=32.6), Irda (Russia) (CV=14.1 % and Hom=31.7) and Zapashna (Ukraine) (CV=15.4 % and Hom=23.6) have been found stable in productivity. Stress-resistant genotypes included such varieties as Irda (Russia) (Ymin-Ymax = -169), Flesh (Russia) (Ymin-Ymax=-156), Kuban (Russia) (Ymin-Ymax=-148), Don 95 (Russia) (Ymin-Ymax=-108) and Martanvasari 9 (Hungary) (Ymin-Ymax=-184), which had a smaller difference between the minimum and maximum values of productivity. According to a set of indicators, the most valuable samples, taking into account stability, are Muck (Germany), Retezat (Romania), XE 9710 (France) and MV Nemere (Hungary), which should be used in further breeding work to increase productivity.

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