Assessing the Effects of Enriched Artemia franciscana Supplementation with Various Oil Emulsions on Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Behavior, Survival, Growth Performance, and Immune Response

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Abstract The utilization of live feed in larval nutrition has significantly advanced aquaculture by enhancing the nutritional status, growth rate, and reducing mortality in aquatic animals. Among the commonly used live feeds, Artemia is widely recognized for its importance in both research and aquaculture. This study aimed to investigate the impact of supplementing Nile tilapia with enriched Artemia franciscana using different oil emulsions on their behavior, survival, growth performance, and immune response. Four hundred Nile tilapia fingerlings were randomly assigned into 4 equal groups and acclimatized for a period of fifteen days. The first group served as the control and received unenriched Artemia franciscana (G0), while the remaining three groups were fed Artemia franciscana diets enriched with different oil resources: soybean oil (G1), sesame oil (G2), and rice bran oil (G3). Behavioral observations were recorded during the 45-day experimental period. At the conclusion of the trial, the biochemical composition and fatty acid content of both Artemia and fingerlings were analyzed. Furthermore, the growth performance, survival, and immune response of the fingerlings were evaluated. The results indicated noticeable improvements in behavioral measurements, performance, survival, and immune response among fingerlings supplemented with enriched Artemia, particularly those enriched with soybean oil. Additionally, the chemical composition and fatty acid content of both Artemia and fingerlings were significantly enhanced when oil emulsions are used, with soybean oil demonstrating the most prominent improvements. In conclusion, supplementing Nile tilapia larvae with enriched Artemia using a soybean oil emulsion is recommended to stimulate high performance, immune activity, and survival. This study highlights the potential benefits of incorporating different oil emulsions in Artemia franciscana supplementation strategies for optimizing the rearing of Nile tilapia in aquaculture.

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