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Educational attainment and self-reported environmental exposures of pregnant women living in Nairobi, Kenya

Article scientifique 2025 Anglais

Résumé

Environmental exposures experienced by pregnant women living in cities of low- and middle-income countries are poorly described. We collected information on housing characteristics, household and ambient air pollution, and work-related exposures through questionnaires in a cohort of 400 pregnant women in Nairobi, Kenya and examined exposures in relation to educational attainment, a proxy for socioeconomic status. Participants were median 26 years of age, mostly married (85%) and self-described homemakers (54%), with at least some secondary school education (74%). Housing generally consisted of one room (58%) with one window (57%), access to electricity (94%), and no piped water (88%). Participants commonly reported living near sewers (55%) and the Dandora dumpsite (34%). Liquified petroleum gas (LPG) was the primary domestic cooking fuel, followed by kerosene, with 65% and 32%, respectively, reporting use most days to daily. Most participants reported exposure to outdoor cooking smoke (73%) and vehicle exhaust (66%) most days to daily. Employed participants (N = 151) reported work-related exposure to vehicle exhaust (68%), cigarettes (37%), marijuana (33%), dusty/unpaved roads (32%), welding (30%), and the dumpsite (30%) most days to daily. Exposure to rubbish burning was reported by 4.5% of participants at home, by 24% outdoors, and by 25% related to work most days to daily. Relative to women with primary school education or lower, women with at least secondary school education were more likely to use LPG (p < 0.001) and less likely to use kerosene (p < 0.001). This study highlights a high prevalence of pregnant women in an urban African context experience multiple sources of combustion related air pollution sources. Exposure to cooking emissions, vehicle exhaust, and rubbish burning were frequent. Kerosene, the second most common and a dirty domestic fuel, was used more by women with lower educational attainment. These data may inform future studies of prenatal and early childhood environmental exposures and interventions.

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Zuidema, C., Edemba, P., Riederer, A., Kipter, V., Sherris, A., Olweywe, L., Adhiambo, J., Isavwa, B., Wetzler, E., Richardson, B., Kinuthia, J., Gatari, M., Maleche‐Obimbo, E., Seto, E., Karr, C., Benki-Nugent, S., Were, F. (2025). Educational attainment and self-reported environmental exposures of pregnant women living in Nairobi, Kenya. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0005453

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Auteur(s)

Christopher Zuidema Priscillah Wanini Edemba Anne M. Riederer Vincent K. Kipter Allison R. Sherris Lewis Olweywe Judith Adhiambo Brendah Isavwa Erica Wetzler Barbra A. Richardson John Kinuthia Michael Gatari Elizabeth Maleche‐Obimbo Edmund Seto Catherine J. Karr Sarah Benki-Nugent Faridah Hussein Were

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