Seroepidemiology of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) and farmers’ awareness and management practices in selected districts of West Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

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Abstract Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a highly fatal respiratory disease of sheep and goats, causing substantial economic losses, particularly in Ethiopia. However, evidence on its seroprevalence and risk factors in the study area remains scarce. Thus, a cross-sectional seroepidemiological study was conducted from November 2022 to September 2023 in West Shewa Zone to estimate CCPP seroprevalence and identify associated risk factors. In addition, a questionnaire survey was conducted to assess farmers’ perceptions toward CCPP. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. A panel of 433 serum samples (goat, n = 284; sheep, n = 149) was evaluated for Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumonia e (Mccp) antibody seropositivity using c-ELISA. The overall seroprevalence was 19.4%, with higher Mccp antibody seropositivity in goats (26.8%) than in sheep (5.4%). Multivariable logistic regression identified species (AOR = 5.5, 95% CI = 2.523–12.202, p < 0.001), extensive management system (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.112–7.239, p = 0.029), and purchase of animals (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.517–4.754, p = 0.001) as potential risk factors. The survey revealed that about 91.8% of farmers have not heard about CCPP, while 87.3% of respondents do not vaccinate their animals against CCPP. These findings highlight CCPP as a major constraint to small ruminant production in the study area. Therefore, strengthening disease surveillance, implementing targeted vaccination programs, and improving animal health management practices among farmers are recommended to mitigate its impact.

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