Narrative Review on the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Solving the Problems of Orthopaedic Care in Low and Middle-Income Countries

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Abstract Background: The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in orthopaedics is rapidly evolving. There are unique challenges in managing musculoskeletal conditions in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC) that could be addressed with artificial intelligence. However, there is limited information on how AI can be integrated to solve these problems. The review aims to identify ways AI integration can address the challenges associated with the care of orthopaedic patients in these resource-poor regions. Scope: A literature search was conducted in Medline, PubMed, and Google Scholar, and articles were reviewed to evaluate the role of artificial intelligence in solving the problems of orthopaedic care in LMIC. Findings: It was observed that some of the challenges to musculoskeletal care inherent in these regions include a lack of access to implants and equipment for fracture fixation, limited availability of trained manpower, overwhelming prevalence of musculoskeletal conditions, suboptimal patient follow-up, and deficiencies in medical record-keeping. AI integration can resolve these problems in many ways; inventory analytics and simulation models can control supply chain responsiveness and predict implant shortages, AI assistants can help in making diagnoses or recommend treatment/ rehabilitation services, and automate documentation using Natural Language Processing (NLP) to reduce workload. Others are integrating AI into remote consultation to improve follow-up care and automating clinical notes and data entry to improve record-keeping. Conclusion: The integration of AI in the care of orthopaedic patients is evolving. Its importance in addressing some problems exclusive to the practice of orthopaedics in LMIC cannot be overemphasized. Conducting more research within this field will accelerate this advancement.

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