Comparison of Udder Health Risk Factors in Small-Scale Cattle Farming Systems in Two South African Provinces

Résumé

Mastitis and tick infestation of udders remain a challenge for small-scale farmers. This study aimed to investigate and compare the prevalence of udder health problems in cattle owned by small-scale farmers in two South African districts: Amathole in the Eastern Cape and Sedibeng in Gauteng. This research comprises a three-part cross-sectional study: a farmer survey; assessment of udder cleanliness and lesions; conformation, parenchyma damage, and tick burden; and milk testing methods using cow-side and laboratory tests. The findings reveal that 27.0% of participants from Amathole and 4.2% from Sedibeng were aged 70 or above. Farmers from Sedibeng did not keep animals solely for cultural purposes, while 40.9% of farmers from Amathole did. The prevalence of inactive quarters was higher (16.3%) in Amathole than in Sedibeng (3.9%). Subclinical mastitis was more prevalent in Amathole, and a higher number of bacteria, mainly non-aureus staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus, were isolated from milk samples in Amathole (58.3%) compared to Sedibeng (30.0%). Sedibeng farmers, who prioritised economic benefits, were motivated to care for their animals more effectively. Udder health problems and suboptimal animal care were more prevalent in Amathole. Extension services should prioritise educating and encouraging small-scale farmers.

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