Comprehensive analysis of antioxidant activity and phytochemical profile of leaf, stem bark, and root bark aqueous extracts of Boswellia dalzielii Hutch: an in vitro and UHPLC-DAD-MS studies

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Medicinal plants have played a crucial function in conventional medicine for a long time, offering a wide range of therapeutic advantages due to their many bioactive components. Boswellia dalzielii Hutch (B. dalzielii) (Burseraceae) is one of those plants found in Northern Nigeria and the West African savannah used by traditional healers to treat several disease conditions, including mental illness and skin disorders. This research assessed the phytochemical and antioxidant characteristics of aqueous extracts derived from the leaves, stem bark, and root bark of B. dalzielii. The leaf extract had the highest percentage yield and quantities of flavonoids (51.07 ± 3.20 mgQE/g), vitamin C (27.25 ± 2.12 mg AAE/g), and phenolic contents (54.63 ± 1.85 mg GAE/g). It also exhibited enhanced hydroxyl radical scavenging and cupric-reducing capabilities. In all the antioxidant parameters checked, the root bark consistently showed the lowest antioxidant activity and phytochemical contents, whereas the stem bark displayed the maximum ferric-reducing ability and DPPH radical-scavenging capacity. In addition, the extracts exhibited concentration-dependent Fe²⁺ and Cu²⁺ chelating abilities. The result of this study also showed that compared to root bark and stem bark extracts, the leaf extract has a considerably (p < 0.05) highest chelating abilities (SC50: Fe²⁺ = 1.33 ± 0.01 mg/mL, Cu²⁺ = 1.08 ± 0.00 mg/mL). Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection and mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-MS) analysis revealed notable phytochemical constituents; nonetheless, component profiles differ across distinct plant parts. The findings suggest that B. dalzielii might be a substantial natural source of antioxidants, particularly for mitigating disorders related to oxidative stress.

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