Effect of Gamma Radiation of Cesium (Cs137) on Morphological Changes of Sunflower During Two Seasons

Résumé

Abstract This research was studied different gamma radiation doses were applied to sunflower seeds to determine their effects on some plant characteristics. sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds which were irradiated with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 Gy of gamma radiation in a cesium (Cs137) before cultivation in two seasons. The morphological changes of sunflower plants such as plant length, leaf area, stem diameter, (chlorophyll (a), (b) and total chlorophyll and total coronoids pigments), (leaf, disc, full plant of fresh weights) were measured. Obtained results were as follows: Leaf area of plant and plant length: It shows that increasing the dose from 5 to 25 Gy led to increases the leaf area of plant and plant length from (4287.1 to 7284.2 cm2), and (213.3 to 237 cm), then the leaf area and length of plant decrease to (5387.1 cm2), and (217 cm) at a dose of 30 Gy in the first season. In the second season, the leaf area and length of plant ere increased from (3735.4 to 5377.4 cm2), and (192 to 225.6 cm), then decreases to (4274.1 cm2), and (215 cm) at a dose of 30 Gy., compared to untreated sample (control) which was (3720.1 and 3584.2 cm2) and (193.3 and 187.6 cm) for first and second seasons, respectively. These results indicate that the leaf area and length of plant in both seasons is nearly similar. Furthermore, the optimal gamma radiation dose of cesium (Cs137) ranges between 20 and 25 Gy. Fresh full plant weight and fresh discs weight/plant: It shows that increasing the dose from 5 to 25 Gy led to increases the fresh full plant weight and fresh discs weight/plant from (475.6 to 861.6 g), and (233.7 to 299.9 g) then the fresh full plant weight and fresh discs weight/plant decreases to (669.6 g), and (256.8 g) at a dose of 30 Gy in the first season. In the second season, the fresh full plant weight and fresh discs weight/plant increases from (354.6 to 744.2 g), and (149.0 to 266.6 g) then decreases to (549.1 g), and (214.4 g) at a dose of 30 Gy., compared to untreated sample (control) which was (347.2 and 302.8 g), and (129.0 and 120.7 g) for first and second seasons, respectively. These results indicate that the fresh full plant weight and fresh discs weight/plant in both seasons is nearly similar. Furthermore, the optimal gamma radiation dose of cesium (Cs137) ranges between 20 and 25 Gy.

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