Irritable bowel syndrome and associated mental health problems among Middle East and North African medical students: a multicentric cross-sectional study

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BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal discomfort or pain, accompanied by alterations in bowel habits. Its exact pathophysiology remains unclear, but mental health problems are recognized as a major risk factor. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the prevalence of IBS among medical students and explore its association with various factors, including comorbid mental health issues. METHODS: This multicentric cross-sectional study employed an online self-administered questionnaire, distributed among medical students from 27 faculties of medicine across seven countries in the Middle East and North Africa. Universities were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Possible associates were evaluated using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire, and the Rome IV Diagnostic Questionnaire for adult IBS. RESULTS: A total of 8,275 medical students completed the questionnaire, with 40.1% diagnosed with IBS according to the Rome IV criteria. Adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed significant associates of IBS, including female gender (AOR = 1.56, p < 0.001), enrollment in the third academic year (AOR = 1.23, p = 0.003) or higher (AOR = 1.44, p = 0.001), lack of regular exercise (AOR = 1.18, p = 0.003), and living alone or on campus (AOR = 1.18, p = 0.006). Additionally, a history of food or drug hypersensitivity (AOR = 1.49, p < 0.001) and overweight or obesity (AOR = 1.19, p = 0.002) were significantly associated with IBS. Medical students experiencing depression (AOR = 2.38, p < 0.001) and anxiety (AOR = 1.91, p < 0.001) were found to be more susceptible to developing IBS. CONCLUSION: IBS is a prevalent health issue among medical students. Nearly 40% of them suffered from IBS. In addition to certain personal and academic factors, increased rates of depression and anxiety among medical students in the Middle East and North Africa are associated with a higher probability of developing IBS.

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