Christian Ethical Perspective on Sexual Orientation and Sexual Behavior

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Sexual expressions in the 21st century have become diverse to the extent that previously stereotyped expressions are gaining popularity within Christian ethical discourses. Most Christian denominations differentiate homosexual orientation from homosexual behaviors. This distinction allows these denominations to denounce homosexual behaviors and tolerate homosexual orientation. The underlining notion is that one is not guilty until they have acted on their sexual orientation. Thus experiencing homosexual orientation alone does not necessarily make one a homosexual. This article examines sexual orientation and sexual behavior as components of sexual expression. The examination links sexual orientation and sexual behavior to sexual identity. The fundamental question of the inquiry is: are sexual orientations and sexual behaviors mutually exclusive as far as sexual expression is concerned? Are Christian denominations justified in denouncing homosexual behaviors but tolerant of homosexual orientations? The article reveals that not all sexual orientations have corresponding sexual behaviors, but sexual orientations influence sexual behaviors and the choice of a sex partner. Individuals determine their sexual identity through their preferred sexual orientation and not through their sexual behaviors or choice of a sex partner. Consequently, it is incorrect to focus on sexual behaviors or the gender of sex partners to respond to issues on sexual identity. Jesus’ statement in Matthew 5:28 shows that unhealthy sexual orientation is as toxic as unhealthy sexual behavior. It is, therefore, inconsistent for a Christian community to strictly condemn sexual behaviors in same-sex relations while tolerating homoeroticism.

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