Patterns, prevalence and determinants of stunting among children aged 1-15 years

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Abstract Stunting increases morbidity and mortality, hindering mental development and influencing cognitive capacity of children. This study aimed to examine the trends and determinants of stunting from infancy to middle adolescence in four countries: Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam. A 15-year longitudinal data on the prevalence of stunting were obtained from the Young Lives cohort study. The study includes 38361 observations from 4 countries in between 2002 and 2016. A generalized mixed-effects model was adopted to estimate the determinant of stunting. The patterns of stunting in children from 2002 to 2016 have declined from an estimated 30% in 2002 to 20% in 2016. Stunting prevalence varied among four low- and middle-income countries with children in Ethiopia, India, and Peru being more stunted compared to children in Vietnam. The highest stunted was recorded in India and the lower was recorded in Vietnam. In all four countries, the highest prevalence of severe stunting was observed in 2002 and moderate stunting was observed in 2006. Parents' education level played a significance role in determining child stunting. Children of uneducated parents were shown to be at a higher risk of stunting. The pattern of stunting was reduced in four low- and middle-income countries from 2002 to 2016. Disparities of stunting were observed between- and within-country of low- and middle-income with the highest prevalence recorded in low-income country. Child stunting is caused by factors related to child's age, household wealth, household size, the mother's and father's education level, residence area and access to save drinking water.

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