Solutions for the implementation of a sensors network for border surveillance.

Résumé

Today, new security challenges, such as terrorism, transnational crimes, drug and arms trafficking, necessarily require a new strategies to address cross-border security. For a long time, conventional techniques such as human patrols, installation of barriers, construction of insulation walls and trenching, were used for securing borders over the world. However, those conventional techniques suffer from some issues such as intensive human involvement and high deployment cost, especially when the border line is very large. To overcome these issues, the use of technology for border surveillance was pushed fastly. Hence, technologies such as Wireless Sensor Networks, radars, camera sensors and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) were introduced to enhance the border surveillance process. However, the use of any single of those technologies separately may lead to concerns such as a high rate of false alarms and line of sight limitations. Even though combining those technologies to obtain a hybrid architectures is highly recommended in the literature, still some key challenges like energy saving and load balancing need further improvement. The research work carried out in this thesis contributes to a large project which aims to define an operational framework for securing the Algerian land borders. To do that, a multilayer framework to detect and track any border intrusion with minimum human involvements was proposed based on the combination of several technologies such as multimedia sensors, radars, UAVs,... As a part of this thesis contributions, a detailed deployment scheme for each layer of the proposed architecture was also addressed. For energy saving, load balancing and redundancy elimination, an activation scheduling strategy was proposed also. In this thesis we studied also the effectiveness of adapting some technical parameters on the network lifetime. Finally, for energy supply in border surveillance architecture based on the combination of radars with mobile camera sensors that are embedded in UAVs, we proposed a Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) system based on rectennas to supply wirelessly UAVs batteries with power during their flight. To manage the access of UAVs to the WPT system, we implement an active UAVs scheduling strategy based on an improved Weighted Round-Robin (WRR) algorithm. All our contributions in this thesis were evaluated through a deep process of several simulations.

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