Coordinated control of anode and cathode pressures in fuel cells based on intake humidity optimization
Résumé
Hydrogen energy is a promising solution for clean energy transitions, with proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) playing a central role in this technology. The performance and durability-related operating conditions of PEMFCs are strongly influenced by the dynamic coordination of anode and cathode gas supply systems, particularly under varying pressure and humidity conditions. This study presents a coordinated control strategy for PEMFC anode and cathode systems, integrating humidity-optimized regulation of the pressure difference in systems with cathode cycle humidification. The method combines an active anode pressure controller to maintain optimal humidity, a sliding-mode state observer for real-time estimation of unmeasurable cathode states such as oxygen excess ratio, and a nonlinear approximate optimal controller for dynamic cathode pressure and flow regulation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach helps maintain favorable humidification conditions and reduces the risks of flooding and membrane dehydration, and improves transient response compared with conventional linear controllers. These findings indicate that unified pressure and humidity control enhances system stability, operational efficiency, and durability-related operating conditions, providing a practical framework for improving the performance of fuel cell systems in future PEMFC control applications.
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