Retrospective Study of Visceral Leishmaniasis in the Health District of Léré in Chad, Central Africa

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Abstract Visceral leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that is inevitably fatal without treatment, but early diagnosis and treatment can cure patients. It largely affects people living in underdeveloped countries and is the second leading cause of mortality from parasitic infection after malaria with 20,000 to 40,000 deaths per year. To assess the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in Chad, we performed retrospective study in the health district of Léré in the southwest of the country area by extracting data from the laboratory records diagnosed visceral leishmaniasis cases between January 2015 to December 2019. Between 2015 and 2019, a total of 1,141 patients were tested for Visceral leishmaniasis in the laboratory of Léré district hospital, with a prevalence of 30% (n=345) among suspected cases. The majority of the positive patients were male (61%) and the peak reporting period of cases was between March and October. The lack of awareness of Visceral leishmaniasis, the underreporting of cases and the increasing incidence recorded at a health facility in Chad, highlight the need for strengthening Visceral leishmaniasis surveillance and case detection capacity in region. To develop appropriate prevention and control strategy of visceral leishmaniasis, further study is needed to characterize the distribution of visceral leishmaniasis and its transmission in the country.

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