Determinants of quality of Life in Children and Adolescents with Type-I Diabetes Mellitus: A cross-sectional study

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Abstract Background: Living with type-I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) presents children and adolescents with various daily challenges associated with disease management, including significant lifestyle changes due to intensive therapeutic exogenous insulin regimes, the need for dietary restrictions, regular exercise, and frequent biochemical marker monitoring. This study aimed at determining diabetes related quality of life (DRQoL) and factors influencing quality of life in Indian children and adolescents with T1DM.Methods: Three hundred seventy-nine randomly selected children and adolescents with T1DM were assessed using Pediatric quality of life inventory 3.2 diabetes module. Mean scores of DRQoL according to sociodemographic factors, and clinical variables were assessed by an independent sample t test, or ANOVA according to the characteristics of analyzed variables. Paired sample t-test was used to compare children’s and adolescents’ self-report with caregivers’ report. Multivariable linear regression was used to identify the significant predictors of DRQoL.Result: The total score of the PedsQL Diabetes Module self-report were found to be 83.77±11.11 for the 5 -12 years old and 80.27±13.52 for the 13-18 years old. Patients who attended education (β = -0.134, p= 0.013) and mothers of the patients being educated (β=0.300, p<0.001), and having insulin injection by primary care givers (β = 0.136, p=0.050) were positive determinants of DRQoL; while not attending diabetic education (β = -0.129, p=0.014) and an increase in the mean fasting blood sugar (FBS) (β = -0.130, p=0.016) were found to be negative determinants that explain 20.3% of the variability of total DRQoL scores of children and adolescents (R2=0.203, F(20,312)= 5.225, p<0.001).Conclusions: the quality-of-life score for children and adolescents with T1DM in Ethiopia was not sufficiently good. The educational status of patients, mothers’ educational status, fathers’ occupation, type of individual administering insulin medication, attending diabetes health education and mean fasting blood sugar were found to be determinants of DRQoL.

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