Perceptions of environmental pollution and hygienic practices among vegetable vendors in the mining city of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo
Résumé
Abstract In developing countries, women play a crucial role in food distribution, yet their knowledge of food safety and awareness of environmental risks remain underexplored. This study examines the perceptions of environmental pollution and hygienic practices among 215 women vegetable vendors operating in major open markets in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Data were collected using structured questionnaire administered via face-to-face interviews, complemented by direct field observations. Findings show that vendors are aware of contamination risks from mining activities but underestimate hazards from vehicle emissions when selling vegetables by the roadside. Most respondents (85%) reported the availability of portable water at the market, while 84% washed vegetables before displaying them for sale; however, the observed hygiene practices and water handling conditions may compromise food safety. We observed that all vendors (99%) reused the same water multiple times and applied palm oil when displaying tomatoes ( Solanum lycopersicum ) — a common practice believed to preserve freshness, but one that may increase the risk of microbial and contaminant buildup during handling and exposure. Chi-square analysis indicates a significant association between vendors’ socio-demographic characteristics and their awareness of environmental pollution and hygiene practices ( p < 0.05). These results highlight gaps in knowledge and practices that may exacerbate food contamination risks in a city heavily impacted by mining pollution. This study provides baseline data to inform policy and public health interventions aimed at strengthening vendor awareness, improving hygiene practices, and promoting safer vegetable supply chains.
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