Microbial applications for enhancing plant-mediated remediation in the tropics

Résumé

Microbially enhanced phytoremediation, a green technique that involves the removal of contaminants from the ecosystem by hyperaccumulating flora under the influence of microbes, has been recognized as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective method that could be used in the tropics. The technique is a mitigating measure that depends on the symbiotic relationship between plant hyperaccumulators and their microflora as well as the bioavailability of the pollutants. In this paper, the concept of microbially enhanced phytoremediation techniques as a nature-based method is discussed, with a focus on the roles of rhizospheric microbes and other plant-growth-promoting microbes (PGPM) in enhancing the remediation potential of plants. In addition, diverse mechanisms involved in microbially mediated phytoremediation for improved remediation outcomes are discussed, while factors influencing the techniques are examined, as well as recent advances in the applications of indigenous microbes for the enhancement of plant potentials to remove emerging pollutants. Furthermore, the review provides insights into the applications of omics, genome editing technologies, and artificial intelligence as emerging technologies. These emerging technologies could be harnessed for improved microbially enhanced phytoremediation processes aimed at a cleaner and healthier environment in the tropics. Conclusively, the phytoremediation process enhanced by autochthonous or exotic microbes using emerging technologies appears to be a promising, sustainable, and eco-friendly technique for ecosystem restoration in the tropics

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