Microbial community composition and diversity in nodules and rhizosphere soil of bitter white lupine (Lupinus albus L.) and rhizosphere soil of triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack)

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) rhizosphere soil via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Significant differences in microbial composition and diversity were observed among the sample types. BWL nodules harbored distinct bacterial communities dominated by nitrogen-fixing Bradyrhizobium (61.09%). While both BWL and triticale rhizosphere soils had high bacterial diversity dominated by Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria (32.81 and 25.18% in BWL, and 27.73 and 26.41% in triticale, respectively). Although BWL and triticale rhizosphere soils shared some microbial taxa, each had substantial unique bacterial communities. Alpha diversity analysis revealed higher bacterial diversity in rhizosphere soils than in nodules. Edaphic factors, such as the organic carbon to clay ratio (soil health indicator), available phosphorus, and clay content, are important factors of rhizosphere microbial community structure. Positive correlations were found between soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and microbial diversity in rhizosphere soils. These findings provide novel insights into plant-microbe interactions in acidic, nutrient-poor soils of northwestern Ethiopia and suggest that microbiome management could enhance soil health and crop productivity in marginal agricultural lands.

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