Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Water Productivity and Yield of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) at Melkassa, Centeral Rift Valley, Ethiopia

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Abstract The experiment was conducted at Melkassa Agricultural Research Center during the off-season under a semi-arid climatic condition where moisture stress is higher. The study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of deficit irrigation on water productivity and yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).The experiment was a split-plot design with three common bean varieties as main plots and four deficit irrigation levels as subplots all of which were replicated three times. Four deficit irrigation levels 100%ETc, 85%ETc, 70%ETc, 55%ETc and three varieties SER-119, Biofortified small seed-5, and Awash-2 were used for treatment combination. The combined result indicates that there was a significant variation among treatments for yield, above-ground biomass and water productivity. All common bean varieties were significantly affected under deficit irrigation levels. Consequently, the highest yield (3.4 ton/ha) was obtained from irrigating 100%ETc followed by (3.2 ton/ha) with 85%ETc less yield reduction. In contrast, the intermediate (2.8 ton/ha) and smallest yield (2.4 ton/ha) was obtained from irrigating 70 ETc and 55%ETc.Water productivity ranged from (0.83 kg/m3) at full irrigation to (1.33 kg/m3) at higher deficit irrigation. In a limited water supply situation, the goals were to gain the highest possible yield and higher water productivity. The result of the economic analysis showed that the highest net benefit was obtained from irrigating the full 100%ETc of the three common bean varieties. In a semi-arid area, the available water is a limiting factor for crop production. So irrigating common beans with moderate deficit irrigation practices can shows an important solution for water-saving and common bean production. In this study irrigating common bean varieties from 70%ETc to 85% ETc are recommended because they gave nearly similar grain yields to that of 100%ETc. If the availability of water is the most scarce resource application of 55% ETc is also possible since the marginal rate of return is greater than 50%.

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