Design and development of a bipap non-invasive ventilator prototype development

Résumé

Many diseases affect the efficacy of the respiratory system, and thus ventilatory support is required to improve the patient’s prognosis. One of the methods of providing this support is by using non-invasive, positive pressure, BiPAP ventilation. The purpose of this project is to develop a prototype of a medical device that can provide this support. This is achieved by understanding the requirements of the device, generating concepts that can satisfy these requirements, selecting a concept and constructing it. The selected concept makes use of two blower fans, the first to provide the inspiratory pressure support, and the second to provide the expiratory pressure support. The pressure delivered to the patient is controlled using an axial solenoid valve and a one-way valve. A PID control loop is then used to control the speed of the fans. The system developed is not able to meet all the requirements but would be able to do so with slight improvements. These improvements include redesigning the axial solenoid valve to reduce the pressure drop across the valve, redesigning the flow path of the circuit to reduce the pressure drop in sharp corners, and changing the inspiratory fan control loop implementation strategy. The flow rate sensor also needs to be improved to allow the device to perform accurate volume-controlled ventilation.

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