The effect of video observation on the frequency, type, and accuracy of peer feedback in a long jump learning context

Résumé

Background Video technology facilitates feedback provision in sport pedagogy, benefiting both teacher/coach and peer feedback. Most studies focus on attributing learning gains to video-based peer feedback, but none examine how the dynamics of feedback itself change to mediate the effects of video observation (VO) on learning outcomes. Objectives This study compares the frequency, type, and accuracy of peer feedback based on direct observation (DO) and VO in a long jump learning context. Methods Forty-one sports science students ( M age = 20.13 ± 0.71) participated in a four-session long jump learning unit. Thereafter, they were paired randomly for the experimental procedures: one performed a jump while the other observed. Observers first provided 30 s of verbal feedback based on DO, followed by another 30 s after viewing a video recording of the jump (VO). Roles were then switched. Audio-recordings were transcribed and analyzed for overall feedback frequency. Feedback instances were classified as descriptive or prescriptive, with prescriptive feedback assessed for accuracy. Comparisons were conducted using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for paired samples. Results Video observation significantly increased the overall frequency of feedback (median: 5 vs. 3, mean: 5.3 vs. 2.9, p < 0.001) and prescriptive feedback (median: 3 vs. 1, mean: 2.9 vs. 0.7, p < 0.001), while descriptive feedback significantly decreased (median: 2 vs. 2, mean: 2 vs. 1.5, p = 0.009). Moreover, the accuracy of prescriptive feedback was significantly higher based on VO (median: 100% vs. 50%, mean: 89.5% vs. 38.9%, p = 0.002). Conclusion These findings help explain the well-documented effects of video-based peer feedback in sport pedagogy. VO empowers learners to engage more socially and focus more on providing prescriptive and accurate feedback, as the video itself provides descriptive information to the performer and a more detailed, controlled observation for the observer.

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