Low N2O and variable CH4 fluxes from tropical forest soils of the Congo Basin

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Abstract Globally, tropical forests are assumed to be an important source of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and sink for methane (CH 4 ). Yet, although the Congo Basin comprises the second largest tropical forest and is considered the most pristine large basin left on Earth, in situ N 2 O and CH 4 flux measurements are scarce. Here, we provide multi-year data derived from on-ground soil flux ( n = 1558) and riverine dissolved gas concentration ( n = 332) measurements spanning montane, swamp, and lowland forests. Each forest type core monitoring site was sampled at least for one hydrological year between 2016 - 2020 at a frequency of 7-14 days. We estimate a terrestrial CH 4 uptake (in kg CH 4 -C ha −1 yr −1 ) for montane (−4.28) and lowland forests (−3.52) and a massive CH 4 release from swamp forests (non-inundated 2.68; inundated 341). All investigated forest types were a N 2 O source (except for inundated swamp forest) with 0.93, 1.56, 3.5, and −0.19 kg N 2 O-N ha −1 yr −1 for montane, lowland, non-inundated swamp, and inundated swamp forests, respectively.

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