Disparities in Child Survival in Ethiopia: Evidence From Nationally Represented Data

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Abstract Background: Even though Ethiopia has made considerable progress in improving child health and survival, the country is experiencing one of the highest infant and under 5 mortality rates. The purpose of this study was to examine the disparities in child health and survival in Ethiopia.Method: Data were drawn from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS). Proportional odds regression was used to identify the determinants of poor child health and survival outcomes. The Mosley and Cohen’s child health framework was used to measure child survival. Results: The proportion of both poor health and mortality were high. The likelihood of falling into the poor health and survival category increases for: male children; children born with preceding birth interval of <18 months; those never breastfed; born to mothers having higher deprivation index or having poor health service utilization score; poor diet diversity score; living in a household with non-improved toilet facility; having a father with low education level; and those living in a community where mothers’ education is low (p<0.05). Conclusion: Inequalities hamper Ethiopia’s true progress in improving child health and survival. Given the fact that nearly two-thirds of Ethiopian women have no education and half live in financially disadvantaged households, this study recommends aggressive intervention in promoting women’s status at the grassroots level through community education and behavioral communication strategies that will eventually help to significantly reduce huge disparity in early mortality in the population.

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