Effect of time and times of antenatal contact and other possible factors associated with birth outcomes in Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: Prospective follow up study

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Abstract Background: Pregnancy is usually a pleased time for most women and their families. However, it can be a period of concern and anxiety for some women those who are experienced adverse birth outcomes. Antenatal care (ANC) and timing of booking for ANC are believed to be basic components of ANC services. Different studies reported different results on effects of time and times of ANC contact on birth outcomes. Objective: This study is aimed to examine the effect of time and times of ANC contacts on birth outcomes, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based prospective follow up study in pregnancy up to 42 days postpartum conducted among 987 pregnant women in Jimma Zone from July 2020 to June 2021. Data were entered into the Epi-data and analyzed using SPSS software version 20. The binary logistic regression model was used to select candidate variables for multivariable analysis. Multivariable analysis was fitted to see association between the dependent and independent factors. A statistically significant was declared at a p-value less than 0.05 and AOR with 95% CIResults: Nine hundred and twenty-eight (94.0%) of the women were in the age group of less than 35 years with a mean and SD of 26.63, + 3.89 respectively. One hundred sixty-three (16.5%) of them made four or more ANC and early booking. The overall unfavorable birth outcome is 7.2 % (CI, 5.7%, 8.8%). Time and times of ANC contact has no effect on birth outcomes. Husband educational status (AOR: 4.835 95% CI 1.552, 15.062), family size (AOR: 7.854 95% CI 2.661,23.186) parity (AOR: .158 95% CI: .054, .456), mode of delivery (AOR: 2.672 95% CI: 1.089, 6.553), the service given during ANC contacts (AOR: 2.734 ,95% CI: 1.467, 5.095) and social support (AOR: 1.940 95% CI: 1.081, 3.482) were found to be associated with birth outcomes.Conclusion and recommendations: The overall unfavorable birth outcome is significant. The time and times of ANC contacts has no statistically significant effect on birth outcomes. Educational status of the husband, family size, parity, mode of delivery, services given during ANC contact and social support were the possible factors that were statistically increases the odds of unfavorable birth outcomes. Hence, enactment of the recommended ANC services rather than focusing on time entry and times of contact is animated for birth outcomes. Furthermore, we also recommend a more representative community-based study.

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