Genomic portraits: karyotyping of some Nigerian bat species

Résumé

Chromosome studies were conducted on bat species in the Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria, to determine their karyotypes and assess relatedness. Chromosomes were isolated from the bone marrow and testes of various bat species using 0.4% colchicine for cell division arrest. A calibrated eye-piece graticule was used for counting and measuring chromosomes from prepared slides. Calculations for arm ratios and centromeric indices were performed to categorize chromosomes, and ideograms were created based on these measurements. Standard karyotypes for each species were established using photomicrographs of mitotic metaphase chromosomes. A total of eight bat species were sampled, representing the suborders Yinpterochiropera and Yangochiroptera. The species included Epomophorus wahlbergi, Epomophorus gambianus, Microteropus pusillus from Yinpterochiropera, and Nycteris major, Nycteris grandis, Nycteris arge, Scotophilus diaganii, and Scotophilus leucogaster from Yangochiroptera. The diploid chromosome numbers (2n) and fundamental numbers (FN) were as follows: Epomophorus wahlbergi (2n=35, FN=70), Epomophorus gambianus (2n=36, FN=79), Microteropus pusillus (2n=36, FN=79), Nycteris major (2n=40, FN=80), Nycteris grandis (2n=42, FN=82), Nycteris arge (2n=40, FN=78), Scotophilus diaganii (2n=36, FN=45), and Scotophilus leucogaster (2n=36, FN=54). Variations in 2n and FN were attributed to centric fission and loss of p arm segments in some chromosomal pairs, leading to different morphological traits observed in the bat species. The study highlights the rich diversity of bat species in Nsukka and supports the use of karyotyping as an effective method for species differentiation.

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