Psychological adaptation and resilience among elderly refugees: protective and risk factors in confronting trauma and social isolation

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Background: Elderly refugees represent a profoundly vulnerable subgroup, facing the dual challenge of aging and the psychological sequelae of forced displacement. This study explores the psychological adaptation and resilience of elderly refugees, identifying key protective and risk factors in their confrontation with trauma and social isolation. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological design was employed, utilizing in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 13 elderly refugees (aged 60+) in Cairo, Egypt. Data were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to identify themes related to trauma, coping mechanisms, social support, and identity. Findings: The analysis revealed the enduring psychological impact of pre-migration trauma and post-migration isolation. Key protective factors fostering resilience included robust social support networks within the refugee community and the central role of religious faith as a coping mechanism. Primary risk factors exacerbating psychological distress were profound cultural bereavement, struggles with identity, and significant barriers to social integration. Participants articulated living "between two worlds," highlighting the tension between preserving their heritage and adapting to the host society. Conclusion: The findings underscore the critical need for long-term, culturally sensitive mental health interventions tailored for elderly refugees. Psychological support services must integrate an understanding of these protective and risk factors. Mental health professionals, particularly psychologists, are pivotal in facilitating this support, advocating for policies that foster social inclusion, and implementing community-based programs that leverage existing resilience mechanisms to improve psychological outcomes for this population.

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