Bee Pollen as a Functional Product – Chemical Constituents and Nutritional Properties

Résumé

Nutritional supplements play a role in promoting human protein synthesis, fitness recovery, and mental health protection.Pollen is considered a natural food with excellent nutritional value.The use of bee-gathered pollen as a nutritional supplement is now widespread around the world, and it is appreciated for its healing qualities.However, depending on the floral species and the region of origin, pollen has a wide range of nutritional value.It was found that clover pollen had the highest protein content (31.4 g/100 g DM), while the lowest content was observed in maize pollen (21.3%).Eucalyptus pollen had the highest lipid amount (9.49g/100 g DM), while clover pollen had the lowest content (7.46 g/100 g).Phytochemical analysis showed that eucalyptus pollen occupied the highest total antioxidant activity (67.02%), followed by clover (58.25%) then maize (52.18%), whereas clover pollen had the highest phenolic content (1165 mg GAE/100 gm), compared with the other pollen varieties (949.4 to 1073 mg-GAE/100 gm).The contents of branched-chain amino acids were 29, 33.3, and 38.4 mg/g for maize, eucalyptus, and clover respectively, representing 17.87, 18.44, and 16.53% of total amino acids.The contents of total essential amino acids (EAAs) were 61.8, 73.0, and 83.5 mg/g for maize, eucalyptus, and clover pollen, respectively.Only eucalyptus pollen ultimately met the minimum requirements of EAAs for adults.In contrast, the other two types of pollen contained at least 3-4 limiting amounts of the essential amino acids leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, and valine.In conclusion, pollen is a good, affordable source of nutrients that can be utilized as beneficial dietary supplements for human health.

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