Chemical Oxygen Demand Reduction Potential of Halotolerant Bacterial Consortia in Saline Wastewater Treatment System

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The discharge of saline textile wastewater containing high concentrations of organic pollutants poses significant environmental challenges, particularly due to elevated Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and salinity. This study evaluated the effectiveness of halotolerant bacterial consortia in reducing COD in saline textile wastewater and assessed the suitability of the treated effluent for agricultural reuse using plant growth parameters (shoot and root length) as bioindicators. Wastewater samples were treated under varying salinity conditions (2 – 10 %) over a 72-hr period. Physicochemical parameters, including COD and salinity, were monitored, while plant growth response was evaluated using standard bioassay techniques. Results showed that COD levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05) across all treatments, with maximum removal efficiencies of approximately 79 – 80 % observed at 2 % and 4 % salinity after 72 hrs. Although COD reduction declined slightly at higher salinity levels (6 – 10 %), significant (p < 0.05) removal (65 – 72 %) was still achieved, indicating strong adaptability of the microbial consortium. The blank and negative control exhibited negligible COD reduction, confirming that biodegradation was primarily driven by microbial activity. Plant growth results correlated strongly (p < 0.05) with treatment efficiency, with optimal shoot and root lengths recorded at lower salinity levels and reduced growth observed at higher salinities due to osmotic stress and residual toxicity. The study demonstrates that halotolerant bacterial consortia are effective in degrading organic pollutants in saline textile wastewater and improving effluent quality for potential reuse in irrigation. The integration of biological treatment with plant bioassays provides a comprehensive approach to evaluating both treatment efficiency and environmental safety. These findings support the development of sustainable and cost-effective biotechnological solutions for managing saline industrial effluents.

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