Editorial: Omics applications for pathogen control and disease resistance

Résumé

collate articles on the applications of omics in studying pathogen control and disease resistance. Primarily the topic attracted interest from authors who studied transcriptomic and metabolomic responses of the plant to pathogen infection. There was also pathogen genome characterization, focussing on a tomato brown rugose virus (ToBRV) isolate from Mexico.Genomic analysis of the ToBRV isolate from Mexico (PQ628197) was conducted to understand the virus's adaptability and transmission dynamics (Zamora-Macorra et al.,). The results revealed high genetic similarity between the isolate and 100 other global ToBRV genomes, highlighting the stability of ToBRV across geographical regions. Host-susceptibility bioassays revealed that the Mexican ToBRV isolate replicated exclusively in solanaceous hosts and not in their cucurbit counterparts, with tobacco, tomatillo, and eggplant identified as new susceptible hosts. Virus-infected tobacco seeds exhibited reduced germination rates and viability compared with uninfected controls, further illustrating the potential effects of viral infection on the reproductive success of its hosts. Overall, this study expands our understanding of the molecular basis of ToBRV's adaptability, potential transmission pathways, host range across cultivated and wild species, and its potential biosecurity risk due to seed-borne transmission (Zamora-Macorra et al.,). Scrutinizing studies on pathogen identification and disease control strategies using genomic tools Ogbuji and Agogbua, wrote a review article which reported on the importance of plant pathogen identification and control strategies using genomics tools. Genomic tools such as next generation sequencing, can accelerate diagnostic workflows and enhance precision by relying on the detection of pathogen-specific genetic markers. In addition, genome editing technologies have been shown to provide pathways to improve plant resistance against infections by targeting susceptibility genes, which pathogens use to initiate infection and replicate within the host plant. According to the authors, genomic tools such as draft genome sequence of pathogens and their host plants, and the gene editing tool, CRISPR-cas9 offer researchers the opportunity to discover and incorporate resistance in host plants to increase plant yield. This study highlighted efficiency of genomics and genome editing tools, along with the quality and volume of data they generate to answer important questions in science. In their research, Mahlangu et al. revealed a differential response of two potato cultivars, Sifra and Valor, after inoculation with a bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae. Three intervals of leaf metabolome assessment, namely, 24, 48 and 72 hours, after inoculation showed a varied response defined by timing of response and the suites of metabolites upregulated during each of the three analysis windows. It was concluded that genotype was instrumental in either the timing of response to inoculation or in the metabolites deployed as a response to the pathogen.In identifying key genes governing Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton using machine learning and weighted gene co-expression network analysis, Lei at al. discovered a robust set of core genes involved in pathogen recognition (GhRLP6), calcium signalling (GhCIPK6, GhCBP60A), hormone response, and secondary metabolism (GhF3'H) and this provided novel insights into the spatiotemporal regulation of immune responses in cotton. The 10 studies added the much-needed value in plant-pathogen relations studies and will serve as a platform for future studies. They also solidified previous findings that pathogens induce expression of defense genes and activate defense pathways. Metabolite responses complete the disease response machinery. These studies provided insights on how disease resistance can be incorporated in the several crops studied.MER, RN and KN contributed to the writing of the editorial.

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