Diversity of High-Risk and Low-Risk Human Papillomavirus Genotypes Oncogenated in ENT Tumors in Burkina Faso

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Abstract Background Human papillomavirus is involved in several forms of tumors of the cervix, anal canal, vulva and vagina as well as ear, nose and throat (ENT). Among ENT tumors, there is a subgroup associated with oncogenic and non-oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV). Low-risk HPVs (LR-HPV) are most often associated with benign infections such as laryngeal papillomatosis, nasal and oral papilloma and high risk HPVs (HR-HPV) are linked to ENT cancers. The objective of this study was to characterize by real-time PCR the low-risk and high-risk oncogenic HPVs involved in histologically confirmed ENT tumors in Ouagadougou. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of archived tissues (175 blocks) obtained over the past ten years (2007–2017) in the cyto-pathology anatomy laboratories of Yalgado University Hospital, Shiphra Clinic, Sandof Clinic and Philadelphia Clinic in Burkina Faso. HPV DNA was extracted from tissue blocks by xylene and analyzed by real-time multiplex PCR at CERBA/LABIOGENE, Ouagadougou. Results Of the fourteen HR-HPV genotypes tested, nine were identified. The prevalence of HPV infection was 37.7% (66/175). HR-HPV was 25.76% (17/66), LR-HPV (6 and 11) 54.55% (36/66) and co-infection 19.7% (13/66). The most common genotypes were HPV56 (47%, 8/17) and HPV33 (17%. 3/17) for HR-HPV and HPV6 (55%) for LR-HPV. Conclusions The results show the involvement of HR-HPV and LR-HPV in ENT tumors with and relatively high HPV prevalence. Hence the need to ensure population-specific HPV vaccination coverage for effective management.

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