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Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on smoking (waterpipe and cigarette) and participants' BMI across various sociodemographic groups in Arab countries in the Mediterranean Region

Article scientifique 2022 Anglais

Résumé

INTRODUCTION: Tobacco smokers are at high risk of developing severe COVID-19. Lockdown was a chosen strategy to deal with the spread of infectious diseases; nonetheless, it influenced people's eating and smoking behaviors. The main objective of this study is to determine the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on smoking (waterpipe and cigarette) behavior and its associations with sociodemographic characteristics and body mass index. METHODS: ). RESULTS: Overall, the prevalence rate of smoking decreased significantly during the lockdown from 29.8% to 23.5% (p<0.05). The percentage of females who smoke was higher than males among the studied population. The highest smoking prevalence was found in Lebanon (33.2%), and the lowest was in Oman (7.9%). In Egypt, Kuwait, Lebanon, and Saudi Arabia, the data showed a significant difference in the education level of smokers before and during the lockdown (p<0.05). Smokers in Lebanon had lower education levels than those in other countries, where the majority of smokers had a Bachelor's degree. The findings show that the BMI rates in Jordan, Lebanon, Oman, and Saudi Arabia significantly increased during the lockdown (p<0.05). The highest percentages of obesity among smokers before the lockdown were in Oman (33.3%), followed by Bahrain (28.4%) and Qatar (26.4%), whereas, during the lockdown, the percentage of obese smokers was highest in Bahrain (32.1%) followed by Qatar (31.3%) and Oman (25%). According to the logistic regression model, the odds ratio of smoking increased during the pandemic, whereas the odds ratio of TV watching decreased. This finding was statistically significant by age, gender, education level, country of residence, and work status. CONCLUSIONS: Although the overall rates of smoking among the studied countries decreased during the lockdown period, we cannot attribute this change in smoking behavior to the lockdown. Smoking cessation services need to anticipate that unexpected disruptions, such as pandemic lockdowns, may be associated with changes in daily tobacco consumption. Public health authorities should promote the adoption of healthy lifestyles to reduce the long-term negative effects of the lockdown.

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Sabbah, H., Assaf, E., Taha, Z., Qasrawi, R., Ismail, L., Dhaheri, A., Hoteit, M., Al‐Jawaldeh, A., Tayyem, R., Bawadi, H., Alkhalaf, M., Bookari, K., Kamel, I., Dashti, S., Allehdan, S., Waly, M., Al-Halawa, D., Mansour, R., Ibrahim, M., Al‐Mannai, M., Group, o. (2022). Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on smoking (waterpipe and cigarette) and participants' BMI across various sociodemographic groups in Arab countries in the Mediterranean Region. https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/155007

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Haleama Al Sabbah Enas A. Assaf Zainab Taha Radwan Qasrawi Leila Cheikh Ismail Ayesha S. Al Dhaheri Maha Hoteit Ayoub Al‐Jawaldeh Reema Tayyem Hiba Bawadi Majid M. Alkhalaf Khlood Bookari Iman Kamel Somaia Dashti Sabika Allehdan Mostafa I. Waly Diala Abu Al-Halawa Rania Mansour Mohammed O. Ibrahim Mariam Al‐Mannai on behalf of the Regional CORONA COOKING Survey Group

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