Early caregiver predictability shapes neural indices of statistical learning later in infancy

Résumé

Caregivers play an outsized role in shaping early life experiences and development, but we often lack mechanistic insight into how exactly caregiver behavior scaffolds the neurodevelopment of specific learning processes. Here, we capitalized on the fact that caregivers differ in how predictable their behavior is to ask if infants’ early environmental input shapes their brains’ later ability to learn about predictable information. As part of an ongoing longitudinal study in South Africa, we recorded naturalistic, dyadic interactions between 103 (46 female, 57 male) infants and their primary caregivers at 3-6 months of age, from which we calculated the predictability of caregivers’ behavior, following caregiver vocalizing and overall. When the same infants were 6- 12-months-old they participated in an auditory statistical learning task during EEG. We found evidence of learning-related change in infants’ neural responses to predictable information during the statistical learning task. The magnitude of statistical learning-related change in infants’ EEG responses was associated with the predictability of their caregivers’ vocalizations several months earlier, such that infants with more predictable caregiver vocalization patterns showed more evidence of statistical learning later in the first year of life. These results together suggest that early experience with caregiver predictability shapes learning in the matching sensory modality, providing support for the hypothesis that the neurodevelopment of core learning and memory systems is closely tied to infants’ experiences during key developmental windows.

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