Growth and yield response of African indigenous vegetables to fish effluent water and black soldier fly frass in an integrated aquaculture-agriculture system

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Introduction African indigenous vegetables (AIVs) are important for food and nutrition, yet their production is constrained by soil infertility. Methodology The effects of fish effluent water (FEW) and black soldier fly frass (BSFF) on the growth and yield of AIVs were evaluated in a splitplot factorial experiment at the PrAEctiCe Living Lab-1, Kisumu, Kenya. Three AIVs; spider plant, kale, and African nightshade, were assigned to the main plots, while three nutrient sources; fish effluent water (FEW), BSFF combined with non-effluent water (BSFF+NEW), and non-effluent water (NEW), were allocated to the subplots. Crop type, nutrient source, and their interaction significantly (p < 0.05) influenced plant height and leaf number, whereas crop type and nutrient source significantly influenced biomass. Results There was progressive increase in plant height and number of leaves over time across all treatments, with spider plant recording the highest values (87.3 cm and 50) in season 1, followed by African nightshade (38.4 cm and 45) and kale (14.4 cm and 16). Similarly, BSFF +NEW produced the tallest plants and the highest number of leaves (52.3 cm and 48, respectively) in the fifth week, followed by FEW (49.3 cm and 37.6, respectively) and NEW (39 cm and 24.7, respectively). In season 2, nutrient sources had no significant effect on growth parameters in kale. However, FEW and BSFF+ NEW produced comparable growth parameters in African nightshade and spider plant relative to NEW alone. In season 1, fresh biomass was highest in spider plant (12.5 t ha - ¹) compared to African nightshade and kale (10.2 t ha - ¹ and 10.8 t ha - ¹, respectively). However, kale produced the greatest biomass in season 2. In both seasons, the BSFF+NEW application produced the highest biomass, with season 1 recording fresh and dry biomass of 14.9 t ha - ¹ and 2.1 t ha - ¹, respectively, followed by FEW (12.1 t ha - ¹ and 1.8 t ha - ¹) and NEW (6.5 t ha - ¹ and 0.9 t ha - ¹). Discussion These findings demonstrate that FEW and BSFF are effective nutrient sources for enhancing the growth and yield of AIVs, underscoring their potential application in sustainable IAAs.

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