The Moderating Effect of Dietary Habitand Religiosity Between Perceived Stress and Mental Well-Being of Diabetic Patients

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Diabetes affects over 463 million people worldwide, thus posing a significant burden on individuals, healthcare systems, and economies. Proper management and care require regular monitoring and strict adherence to dietary and lifestyle recommendations, and this can be challenging for diabetic patients. Diabetic patients face emotional and psychological burdens, including anxiety, depression, and stigma. This study aimed to assess the moderating effect of dietary habits and religiosity on the relationship between perceived stress and mental well-being among diabetic patients. A total of 273 diabetic patients from Nigerian hospitals and clinics participated in the study by completing assessments on perceived stress (Impact of Event Scale), mental well-being (Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale), dietary habits (Dietary Habit Score), and religiosity (Religious Orientation Test). Demographic characteristics, including age, income, and duration of illness, were also examined. Perceived stress significantly predicted poorer mental well-being (β = -0.37, p < .01), whereas dietary habits (β = 0.29, p < .001) and religiosity (β = 0.13, p < .001) significantly predicted better mental well-being. The interaction term for dietary habits x perceived stress was significant (B = 0.26, p < .001); the religiosity x perceived stress interaction was significant (B = 0.19, p < .001); and the interaction of dietary habits x religiosity x perceived stress was also significant (B = 0.32, p < .001). This study spotlighted the importance of promoting healthy dietary habits and religious practices among diabetic patients to cushion perceived stress and improve mental well-being. Healthcare professionals, nutritionists, dietitians, therapists, and religious leaders can play an integral role in supporting diabetic patients in managing their condition and improving their overall mental and physical quality of life.

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