The association between physical activity and hypertension among HIV positive and negative populations in rural South Africa.

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Abstract Background Hypertension is a public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, with considerable under- diagnosis, poor management, and lack of community-wide preventive strategies. Hypertension is a common condition in South Africa and is a risk factor for heart attacks, stroke, left ventricular hypertrophy, renal disease, and blindness. In this research study, we identify and examine the trend of physical activity within South Africa's HIV-positive and negative rural communities. Methods This was a secondary analysis of cross sectional survey data from the Agincourt Health and Socio-Demography Surveillance System Site (AHDSS) that were collected over a period of 10 months, from August 2010 to May 2011. All 4436 individuals participating in the AHDSS survey were included. The inclusion criteria for the survey were from aged 15 years or older, and a permanent resident according to the 2009 census. The participants were interview (approximately 45 minutes) on chronic disease risk factor [applying] a questionnaire; anthropometric measurement were taken, blood pressure (BP); point-of care analysis of lipids and glucose; and dried blood spot collections for HIV and ELISA testing were conducted. ResultsThe research findings showed a significant/strong association between hypertension and HIV in both univariate and multivariate analysis. In many developed countries, the prevalence of hypertension among HIV-positive individuals varies between 8% and 39%. A study in Kenya reported a lower prevalence of 7.4%–11.2%, compared with 22.1%– 32.2% in study. ConclusionHypertension is common in HIV-infected adults and is likely because of a combination of known risk factors, levels of physical activities/sedentary way of life, HIV-specific factors, and ART. There is a need for broad, global cohort studies to improve our knowledge and understanding of the above named subject matter, interventional studies are needed to discover new approaches in hypertension and HIV-infected individuals in South Africa and sub-Saharan Africa to avoid and manage hypertension and hypertension-related cardiovascular diseases among HIV infected persons especially in this era of epidemiologic and demographic transition in LMICs.

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