Preparation, Characterization and Antiviral Evaluation of Curcumin-PLGA and Curcumin-metal oxide nanocomposite against SARS-CoV-2

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Abstract Our usual control strategies for viral infections are still not as effective as demand, and the need for different ways of treatment is still of high priority. Viruses undergo genetic mutations that prevent specific drugs from affecting new strains. This research is concerned with the usage of nanotechnology in the preparation of natural drug classes that can be more effective when dealing with emerging pathogens. Curcumin is a natural extract of Curcuma longa that is known for its wide therapeutically effect due to its binding with different enzymes and proteins in the body. The curcumin can bind to viral proteins and block their activity; however it has poor water solubility and bioavailability. Likely, curcumin nanoparticles have much better solubility and bioavailability. This can improve our traditional treatment or prophylactic methods for viral infections and pandemics. This study is concerned with curcumin nanoparticle formulations and their anti-viral activity. Curcumin has been loaded onto PLGA to form Cur-PLGA nanoparticles. In parallel, curcumin was added to ZnO to form a Cur-ZnO composite. The compositions of PLGA and ZnO preparations with different concentrations of curcumin were confirmed with a panel of physiochemical assays. In vitro, the Cur-ZnO composite demonstrated significantly higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity than Cur-PLGA with significantly higher host cell safety. The study emphasizes the preference of curcumin composite nanoparticles over curcumin loaded nanoparticles. This study highlights the robust antiviral activity of different curcumin-based ZnO nanoparticles. This preliminary study demands further preclinical and clinical studies to confirm the obtained results in vivo.

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