Socially inclusive approaches for sustainable agriculture and agroecosystem resilience: a systematic review

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Introduction Socially inclusive approaches are increasingly recognised as critical for promoting sustainable agriculture and enhancing climate resilience. These approaches integrate diverse stakeholders, including women, youth, and indigenous communities, into decision-making, resource access, and knowledge co-creation. Despite growing interest, evidence on their effectiveness, adoption barriers, and contextual relevance remains fragmented. Methods This systematic review synthesises 34 peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2025 to evaluate socially inclusive interventions in sustainable agriculture, climate resilience, adaptation, and sustainable agricultural transformation. Using a PRISMA framework, the review examines publication trends, geographic distribution, and thematic focus. Results Key inclusion strategies identified include gender-responsive extension services, participatory governance, youth empowerment, indigenous knowledge integration, and technology-enabled innovations such as ICT-based advisory platforms and digital climate services. Co-occurrence analysis of keywords highlights the intersection between social inclusion, climate-smart agriculture, adaptation, and resilience outcomes. Discussion Available evidence suggests that socially inclusive approaches can support sustainable practice adoption, productivity improvements, and agroecosystem resilience where resource access, decision-making power, and institutional support are addressed. Barriers such as limited institutional support, inequitable access to resources, and socio-cultural constraints persist, underscoring the need for context-specific strategies. This review provides evidence to guide policymakers, practitioners, and researchers in designing interventions that promote equity, resilience, sustainable agricultural transformation, and inclusive adaptation, while identifying critical knowledge gaps for future research.

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