Incorporating climate-smart agriculture into the national policies of Ghana and Nigeria

Résumé

During the past decade, climate-smart agriculture (CSA), agroecology, and nature-based solutions, have significantly contributed to the mainstreaming of agricultural issues in current climate policies globally. However, CSA has received priority in policy development in sub-Saharan Africa. This study examines the extent to which CSA has been incorporated into the existing national sectoral policies of Ghana and Nigeria. The study employs descriptive statistics and Mann–Whitney U test with effect sizes to achieve this objective. We find that more policy documents in Ghana contained CSA-related keywords than Nigerian policy documents. The frequency of keywords mentioned is observed to be increasing overtime, with an exponential increase during the second decade of the 21st century. Generally, adaptation is the most emphasized pillar of CSA in the policy documents of both countries. At a generic level, resilience, food security, and nutrition security are the three most emphasized keywords in the policy documents of both countries though in different proportions. We observed no significant differences in the number of mentions of productivity ( z = −0.794; p = 0.427; r = 0.101), mitigation ( z = −0.668; p = 0.504; r = 0.085) and adaptation ( z = −0.300; p = 0.764; r = 0.038) in the policy documents of both countries. Policy makers must avoid treating the different pillars of CSA as competing priorities and focus on delivering co-benefits.

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