Burnout among healthcare providers and its association with patient safety management: when exhaustion breaks safety

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INTRODUCTION: Burnout, a pervasive phenomenon among healthcare providers, has been linked to both clinicians' and patient safety. This study aimed to assess the association between burnout and patient safety. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Al Nahda General Hospital in Saudi Arabia from 2023 to 2024. A total of 399 healthcare providers (HCPs) completed an online survey. Burnout was measured using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). The primary outcomes were evaluating the prevalence of burnout among HCPs and measuring its association with Patient Safety Management Activities (PSMA). The secondary outcome was to identify potential risk factors affecting PSMA practice. RESULTS: Of the study group, 64.4% of HCPs aged 30 to 45 years, 61.2% were physicians, and 50.1% had over 10 years of experience. The prevalence of burnout among participants was 41%. HCPs under 30 years old exhibited a significantly lower prevalence of burnout compared to those aged 30-45 years (Prevalence ratio (PR) = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.46-0.86, P = 0.003). Work schedule played a significant role, with night-shift workers showing a higher burnout prevalence compared to those on morning shifts (PR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.09-1.74, P = 0.007). Respondents experiencing burnout showed a significantly higher likelihood of being suboptimal in complying with infection control guidelines (Odds ratio (OR) = 3.78, 95% CI: 1.04-13.69, P = 0.04) and were less likely to be familiar with standard precautions for preventing the spread of infections (OR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.11-0.82, P = 0.02) compared to those who were not experiencing burnout. HCPs burnout was significantly associated with higher moderate patient involvement in decision-making (OR = 9.69, 95% CI: 2.53-37.10, P = 0.001), speaking up about patient safety concerns within teams and departments (OR = 3.62, 95% CI: 1.18-11.07, P = 0.02), and documentation and record-keeping (OR = 5.17, 95% CI: 1.22-21.81, P = 0.03). Healthcare setting and depression were significant risk factors associated with reduced PSMA. CONCLUSIONS: HCPs burnout was prevalent among middle-aged staff (aged 30-45 years) and night shift workers. It is potentially associated with patient safety practices, including lapses in infection control, patient involvement, safe communication, and record documentation. Further research is required to include multiple centers and multi-pronged interventions to mitigate burnout and improve patient safety.

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