Prevalence of Undernutrition and Associated Factors among Patients with Cardiac Diseases in Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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Abstract Background Under-nutrition among patients with cardiac disease is a public health challenge globally, particularly in developing nations including our country. Cardiac cachexia is recently receiving growing attention as modern treatment options prevent early death from cardiac events and more patients live with chronic compensated heart failure. However, information on the magnitude in developing countries specifically in the study area is very scarce. Methods Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 343 cardiac patients from four public hospitals. Data were collected by trained nurses with face-to-face interview using structured questionnaire after consents are secured. The data were entered in to Epi Data version 3.1 and cleaned and analyzed by SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics, binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were applied to identify factors associated with under-nutrition. P-value less than 0.05 with 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant. Results The prevalence of under-nutrition among adult cardiac patients on follow up at Addis Ababa public hospitals was 144 (42.6%), 95% CI (37.4–47.9). The study participants who earn below 1050 ETB per household per month, AOR = 7.07, 95%CI: (3.22, 15.53), NYHA heart failure classification stage III and IV: AOR = 6.56, 95%CI (3.52, 12.24), those with additional illness: AOR = 1.80, 95%CI (1.05, 3.01), current khat chewers: AOR = 2.73, 95%CI (1.09, 6.81), those without nutritional care and support: AOR = 2.02, 95%CI (1.09, 3.72) were significantly associated with under-nutrition. Conclusions The prevalence of under-nutrition among adult patients with cardiac diseases was higher compared with many other studies in low and middle income countries. Poverty, comorbid diseases, substance use, and severe form of cardiac disease were significant predictors of under-nutrition. It is high time to carry out nutritional assessment of patients with cardiac diseases and counsel patients about strict adherence to medical recommendations including stopping substance use.

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