Advanced Optimized Adaptive Differential Conductance (AOADC) Algorithm for Robust Maximum-Power-Point Tracking of Photovoltaic Modules under Variable Irradiance and Temperature
Résumé
Background This study develops and validates an Advanced Optimized Adaptive Differential Conductance (AOADC) algorithm for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) in photovoltaic (PV) systems, aiming to improve tracking efficiency, responsiveness, and resilience under varying environmental conditions. Methods The AOADC algorithm was implemented in MATLAB 2020b using a nonlinear single-diode PV model governed by Kirchhoff’s law. Performance evaluation was conducted under two conditions: (i) irradiance levels of 500 W/m2, 750 W/m2, and 1000 W/m2 at a constant temperature of 298 K, and (ii) temperatures of 250 K, 298 K, and 350 K at a constant irradiance of 1000 W/m2 to examine the impact of temperature-induced variations in module saturation current (MSC). Results AOADC consistently tracked the Maximum Power Point, identified when differential conductance approached zero (σ ≈ 0 mho). At 298 K and 1000 W/m2, it achieved 139.80 W at 17.406 V, validating the theoretical dP/dV = 0 condition as conductance shifted from positive to negative around the MPP. A temperature rise from 250 K to 350 K reduced peak power by 54.4% (204.42 W to 93.19 W) and current by 48.3% (14.05 A to 7.27 A). Strong negative correlations were observed between temperature and power (r = –0.89, p < 0.01) as well as current (r = –0.91, p < 0.01), with a regression coefficient of R2 = 0.94 for power–temperature dependence. Conversely, increasing irradiance from 500 W/m2 to 1000 W/m2 raised power by 120% (63.89 W to 139.80 W) and current by 45% (5.48 A to 10.04 A), supported by strong P–V curve fitting (R2 > 0.98). Comparative analysis confirmed AOADC’s superiority over the conventional Optimized Adaptive Differential Conductance (OADC) technique. At 750 W/m2 and 298 K, AOADC delivered 100.17 W compared to 83.33 W by OADC (20.2% improvement), while at 500 W/m2 it produced 65.03 W versus 50.08 W (29.9% enhancement), yielding an average of 20.21% higher power output across all test cases. Conclusion AOADC demonstrated enhanced efficiency, faster dynamic response, and superior thermal resilience compared to OADC. These results establish AOADC as a reliable next-generation MPPT solution suitable for both standalone and grid-connected PV systems.
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