Ethical Leadership and Operational Effectiveness in Nigeria’s Economic and Financial Crimes Commission: The Role of Leaders’ Role-Modelling Behaviour and Ethical Communication
Résumé
The integrity of leadership is critical to the credibility, effectiveness, and overall success of Nigeria’s foremost anti-corruption agency, the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC). Despite the establishment of the EFCC as a strategic response to the growing challenge of corruption in Nigeria, limited empirical attention has been given to how leaders’ ethical conduct and communication practices influence the Commission’s operational effectiveness. This study, therefore, examined the impact of leaders’ role-modelling behaviour and ethical communication on the operational effectiveness of the EFCC through an internal assessment of staff perceptions. Data were collected using 346 structured questionnaires administered to Commission staff, of which 332 were properly completed and returned, representing a response rate of 96.5%. The study employed both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, while multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the study's hypotheses. The findings revealed that leaders’ role-modelling behaviour (β = 0.206, t = 3.206, p = 0.002) and ethical communication (β = 0.389, t = 5.432, p < 0.001) exerted significant positive effects on the operational effectiveness of the EFCC. The study concludes that ethical leadership, particularly through exemplary role-modelling and effective ethical communication, is a critical determinant of operational effectiveness within anti-corruption institutions. It therefore recommends that the EFCC institutionalise ethical leadership through structured leadership development programmes focused on ethics, mentorship, communication, and performance management. Such initiatives would strengthen integrity, accountability, professionalism, and fairness among leaders, thereby enhancing operational efficiency and fostering a stronger ethical culture within the Commission.
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