Exploring indoor environmental quality intervention strategies for enhancing building occupants’ comfort: a systematic review

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Introduction The need to provide buildings with adequate Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) has increasingly emerged as a global concern, driven by growing occupant expectations for comfortable and healthy indoor environments. Nowadays, most buildings are often faced with IEQ-related challenges that contribute to occupant discomfort. Therefore, IEQ intervention strategies can be targeted directly to enhance the comfort and wellbeing of building occupants. Methods Following the PRISMA research flow, this study examined 47 peer-reviewed publications retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science databases published between 2016 and 2026. Results The findings revealed that indoor environmental interventions are predominantly focused on addressing thermal comfort and indoor air quality across different building typologies. Technical intervention strategies such as HVAC optimisation, ventilation improvement, filtration systems, building retrofitting and IoT-based monitoring were identified as the most prevalent interventions addressing IEQ conditions in buildings. The findings revealed a growing development in the adoption of sustainable and nature-based intervention strategies in improving indoor environmental conditions. Despite this trend, integration across all four IEQ domains remains limited; visual and acoustic comfort are consistently underrepresented in the intervention studies. This study identifies cross-cutting patterns in intervention deployment and reveals context-specific differences across building typologies. Discussion In doing so, it presents a comprehensive conceptual framework that integrates technical, sustainable, behavioural, and policy/regulatory strategies to support evidence-based deployment of IEQ interventions for enhanced building occupants’ comfort.

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