Antimicrobial activity of plant extracts against Erwinia amylovora

Résumé

Fire blight poses severe economic risks for production from economically important crops. This study assessed in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity against Erwinia amylovora of non-volatile organic and aqueous extracts (from fruit peels or leaves) from pomegranate (Punica granatum), onion (Allium cepa), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), and garlic (Allium sativum). The ethanolic extract from pomegranate peel exhibited the greatest and most consistent antimicrobial activity in three in vitro assays (reverse agar plugs, wells, and disc diffusion). This extract also reduced disease severity during in vivo bioassays with immature pear fruits or detached leaves. Chemical characterization using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy indicated that this bioactivity was associated with the presence of compounds identified as the ellagitannins α- and β-punicalagin. These results highlight the potential of pomegranate peel extract as a potential biocontrol agent for fire blight management.

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